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Venus transit movie shows perspective in viewing our Solar System

ScienceDaily (Sep. 28, 2012) ? New movies of the transit of Venus on 6 June 2012, viewed from two different locations on Earth, clearly show the parallax effects that have made Venus transits so important historically. The results were presented at the European Planetary Science Congress in Madrid, Spain.

The movies compress 6 hours of observations and 5000 individual images taken by optical and solar telescopes into a 40 second video. Data gaps due to cloudy conditions produce jumps in the otherwise smooth Venus motion across the Sun disk. The observations were taken from Svalbard in Norway and Canberra in Australia, which are separated by 11600km.

When the images from the two locations are superimposed, the parallax effect (which first allowed astronomers to measure the distance between Earth to the Sun) becomes clear. Parallax means that when the transit is viewed from widely separated points on Earth's surface, Venus appears to follow a different path in front of the Sun's disc. Precise observations of the duration of the transit -- together with an accurate measurement of the distance between the observation points -- means that the distance to Venus and to the Sun can be calculated via triangulation.

The images used in the movies were obtained by members of the European Space Astronomy Centre, which is located outside Madrid. Two of the observers, Miguel P?rez Ay?car and Michel Breitfellner are on the science operations planning team for the Venus Express satellite, which has been orbiting Venus since 2006.

P?rez Ay?car said, "During the hours of the transit we were delighted by the slow, delicate, gracious passage of Venus in front of the Sun. A perfect black circle, containing a world in it, moving in front of its looming parent star. How thankful we were to witness it. Now with these movies, we can share a sense of that experience."

Breitfellner said, "In the 18th century people realised that transits of Venus could be used to measure the distance from Earth to the Sun. Teams of astronomers were sent all across the world to measure this effect. The 2012 transit has its own historical importance -- it is the first that has occurred when a spacecraft is in orbit at Venus. Science teams are now working to compare observations of the Venus transit from Earth with simultaneous observations from Venus Express."

Colin Wilson, Operations Scientist for Venus Express, said, "Planetary transits are not just of historical interest, they have acquired a new importance in the study of newly discovered planets around other stars. Because we cannot image exoplanets directly, it is only by studying their transits that we can discover whether they harbour liquid water or other potential 'biomarker' molecules like methane or ozone. The Venus transit is an example much closer to home, offering us a chance to test our understanding of how to interpret transit data. This certainly added extra interest as we watched the Venus transit in June -- particularly knowing it was our last chance that we'd have to wait until 2117 to see the next one!"

The videos can be viewed on Vimeo: https://vimeo.com/50357146

and: https://vimeo.com/50356825

Video credits: Credit: P?rez Ay?car/Breitfellner/Lightcurve Films

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Europlanet Media Centre, via AlphaGalileo.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/09/120928085346.htm

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Baptist health system alabama - HEALTH, BEAUTY & FITNESS

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Mark Johnson resigns as KV Racing general manager

INDIANAPOLIS (AP) ? Mark Johnson has resigned as general manager of KV Racing Technology after a season of high expectations fell woefully short for the IndyCar Series team.

The whirlwind courtship and preseason signing of former Formula One driver Rubens Barrichello had many believing KV Racing would take a big step this season toward becoming one of the IndyCar's more competitive teams. Instead, Tony Kanaan's third-place finish in the Indianapolis 500 was one of the few highlights.

Johnson had been general manager since 2006, and led the integration of the KV Racing from the Champ Car series into IndyCar during the unification of the series in 2008.

"When he joined the team, we set out on a quest to make KVRT one of the most respected and competitive teams in the series, which I think we achieved," team co-owner Jimmy Vasser said Thursday. "There were a lot of forks in the road, series mergers, driver changes, new equipment and new rules. Throughout it all, Mark was a guiding force. You just don't replace the leadership and experience of Mark Johnson."

Johnson's resignation comes as the team faces an offseason of uncertainty.

Only Kanaan is under contract to return. There has been speculation Barrichello is moving to another team and E.J. Viso is exploring several options that include owning his own team. There's also been discussion that KV Racing could go from a three-car team to a one-car team in 2013, or possibly merge with another small organization.

Kanaan, who had three podium finishes this season, said earlier this month the team got "extremely overwhelmed" by the preseason expectations.

"It's easy to get the right people in place, but then you've got to make all those people communicate well and work well together," he said. "We are not Penske yet and we are not Ganassi yet. Yes, we have three cars, and from the outside you look at it and it's the same organization and the same layout and we are well dressed and have nice scooters. But we have to understand that once you get all these good people together, it takes a little bit of time for everybody to adjust."

Kanaan also said the expectations were far too high on Barrichello, who drove an IndyCar for the first time in January and was competing full-time two months later. He also wasn't granted rookie status by series officials, and that cost Barrichello track time during race weekends. He'd also never raced on an oval before this year.

Barrichello had a season-best finish of fourth at Sonoma, where he tested this year, and five top-10 finishes in 15 races. But, his 11th-place finish in the Indy 500 was best among race rookies.

"Rubens, it's a heavy name, but he's still a rookie, no matter what you say," Kanaan said. "Rubens needed me a lot more than I could use him. And E.J. made huge progress from years past. But for us, the expectations were extremely high. I spent a lot of my time helping them, instead of the other way around. We as far as a team need to do a better job of communicating and use all the people and staff to be able to do it. And even then it doesn't mean you are going to be successful."

Johnson worked with at least nine different drivers at KV, and had the team challenging for poles and podium finishes every season.

"A lot has transpired since I joined the team in 2006," he said in a statement. "I am very happy to have been given the opportunity to contribute to so many of the different projects, both in growing the team and in series initiatives."

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/347875155d53465d95cec892aeb06419/Article_2012-09-27-CAR-IndyCar-KV-Racing-Johnson/id-9d96e52c991440dfbbcdc63e58864bea

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The Home I Am Renting Is In Foreclosure, What Should I Do ...

questions

Q: I found out the home I?m renting is in preforeclosure. I have children and gave a large deposit. If I move should I expect the deposit back so I can put it toward another place? Where do I look for help?
?Anonymous, Los Angeles, CA

A: You should seek the help of your local attorney to see what your options are but reality may be that the landlord does not have the funds to reimburse your deposit. States have different laws on deposits so check with the attorney to find out the law in CA. If they have to hold it in escrow then it may still be available to you. I would suggest that in a future rental unless it is being managed by a big firm with a great history and track record to add language that the mortgage is verified quarterly as being up to date by the tenant to avoid paying rent while a landlord lets the home be foreclosed.
Mike Grumbles is a Realtor? with Exit Realty of the South in Franklin, TN.

A: Dear LA-
Some Foreclosure processes have a procedure known as ?Cash for Keys? that help the unsuspecting Lessee recover from upfront deposits lost when a lease agreement is disrupted prematurely by foreclsoure proceedings.

I suggest you take the route of preparing to move to save yourself the hassle of short notice.

Should the knock at your door come before you are ready to move, ask the bank what they plan to do to aid you with financial recovery.

Good luck!
Larry Simons is a Realtor? with Century 21 Maselle & Associates in Flowood, MS

Are you interested in having a qualified REALTOR answer your questions? Click through to Ask a REALTOR? now.

Are you a REALTOR who would like to answer consumer questions? Click through to become an Ask a REALTOR? participant.

Related posts:

What Happens If The Home You Are Renting Is In The Early Stages Of Foreclosure?
Can a Landlord Be Held Accountable If A Tenant Withholds A Deposit In A Sublease Situation?
Should Part Of The Rental Security Deposit Be Paid To The Realtor?
The House We Are Renting Is In Foreclosure, What Do We Do?
Can I Get My Deposit Back Before The Bank Approves A Short Sale?

Source: http://www.realtor.com/blogs/2012/09/27/the-home-i-am-renting-is-in-foreclosure-what-should-i-do/

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How is a Kindle like a cuttlefish? Parallels between e-Paper technology and biological organisms that change color

ScienceDaily (Sep. 26, 2012) ? Over millions of years, biological organisms -- from the chameleon and cuttlefish to the octopus and squid -- have developed color-changing abilities for adaptive concealment (e.g., camouflage) and communication signaling (e.g., warning or mating cues).

Over the past two decades, humans have begun to develop sophisticated e-Paper technology in electronic devices that reflect and draw upon the ambient light around you to create multiple colors, contrast and diffusion to communicate text and images.

And given the more than 100 million years head start that evolution has provided to these animals and their cellular systems, it's not surprising that e-Paper devices lag behind in optical performance, especially color generation.

In an effort to close that gap, a multidisciplinary team led by University of Cincinnati researchers came out Sept. 26 with a paper that aims to help biologists who work with these color-changing creatures and engineers who work with e-Paper technology.

Authors are Eric Kreit, a recent doctoral graduate in UC's College of Engineering and Applied Science (CEAS); Lydia M. M?thger and Roger T. Hanlon, research scientists at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole, Mass.; Patrick B. Dennis and Rajesh R. Naik, scientists at the Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base; Eric Forsythe, scientist at the Army Research Laboratory; and Jason Heikenfeld, associate professor of electronic and computing systems, also in the University of Cincinnati's College of Engineering and Applied Science (CEAS).

According to UC's Kreit, "Our main goals were threefold: To allow display engineers to learn from millions of years of natural selection and evolution. To teach biologists the most advanced mechanisms and performance measurements used in human-made reflective e-Paper and to give all scientists a clearer picture of the long-term prospects for capabilities such as adaptive concealment and what can be learned from now you see me, now you don't mechanisms."

Ways in Which Animals and Electronics Are Alike

One of the researchers' key findings is that there are numerous approaches to change the reflective color of a surface and that the highest-performance approaches developed by both humans and nature share some powerful common features. Both use pigment, and both change or achieve color expression by either spreading or compacting that pigment. Animals use muscle fiber to spread or compact pigment, and electronics make use of an electric field to do so.

However, even if the basic approach for color change is similar, humanity has never developed anything as complex or sophisticated as the biology and physics of cephalopod skin. (Cephalopods are a diverse ocean group and include 700 species of cuttlefish, squid and octopus -- and are the acknowledged masters of color change on the planet).

According to Heikenfeld, "The highest performance human-made approaches have been only recently developed, well after numerous other approaches were tried. Perhaps in the past, if we had more closely trusted nature's ability to find the best solution, we would be further along today in creating better display technology."

Animals Are Efficient Users of Available Light

Biological organisms that change color are very efficient at using available light. The animal's skin either reflects light to achieve a bright-color effect or absorbs light to achieve stunning, multi-colored effects.

In their use of available light, the biological organisms are more efficient than electronic devices, which generally require large amounts of electric power to generate an internal/emissive light to generate bright color.

Said Roger Hanlon, "Cephalopod skin is exquisitely beautiful and radiant, and can be changed in milliseconds, all without generating any intrinsic light from within the skin; there are elegant solutions from biology waiting to be translated to our consumer and industrial world."

In fact, overall, animals "outscore" synthetic devices when it comes to sophistication and integrated systems; required energy use for color change; size scalability (cephalopods' adaptive coloration works over a wide range of sizes in the organisms' class -- from small-size cuttlefish to large-size octopus and squid); and surface texture (cephalopods can selectively adapt or "crinkle" their skins to match a variety of three-dimensional textures, which provides additional light scattering and shadowing).

Electronic Devices Achieve Colors Faster and Achieve More Colors

Human-developed technology is far superior to cephalopods or other color-adapting animals when it comes to speed. In other words, human-made electronics can achieve color and a color change faster than the response time of a biological organism.

In addition, synthetic devices can provide a greater range of colors and more efficient dark or black state. In other words, a device can achieve a black screen, but most biological organisms cannot achieve such darkened coloring. This is, in part, due to the fact that an organism like a marine animal generally has no reason, in terms of survival adaptation or signaling, to go to a dark or black state. Such an adaptation would actually make them more visible, not less, to predators.

This research was funded by the Air Force Research Laboratory, National Science Foundation, Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Army Research Laboratory, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and the Office of Naval Research.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Cincinnati. The original article was written by M.B. Reilly.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.

Journal Reference:

Eric Kreit, Lydia M. M?thger, Roger T. Hanlon, Patrick B. Dennis, Rajesh R. Naik, Eric Forsythe And Jason Heikenfeld. Biological vs. Electronic Adaptive Coloration: How Can One Inform the Other? The Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 2012 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2012.0601

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/2F6jqihqhnc/120926110114.htm

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One Direction Song 'Immediately' Impressed Dr. Luke

Superproducer teases U.K. boy band's next surefire hit — but 'it's not uptempo.'
By Kara Warner

One Direction
Photo: Getty Images

Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1694491/one-direction-take-me-home-dr-luke.jhtml

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Video: 3-D time-lapse imaging captures twisted root mechanics for first time

Tuesday, September 25, 2012

Using an advanced 3-D time-lapse imaging system, a group of physicists and plant biologists from Cornell University and the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research have discovered how certain plant roots exhibit powerful mechanical abilities while navigating their environment.

The research, published in this week's online Early Edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, could eventually assist in breeding crop plants optimized for growth in areas where climate change or over farming has led to difficult soil conditions.

The researchers grew Medicago truncatula plants in a transparent gel consisting of two layers ? a soft, top layer and a stiff, lower layer. The roots grew straight down until reaching the lower layer, where they began to twist and buckle into spring-like shapes, much like a string begins to curl if it's continuously twisted in one direction.

Combining 3-D movies with measurements and mathematical modeling, the research sheds new light on root growth revealing the role mechanics plays in determining the root shapes. Ultimately, this led to a previously unknown connection between root geometry, growth, and force generation.

"When the roots hit the stiff barrier, growth causes them to buckle like a wire or rod that's been compressed. But by twisting, the buckled roots become helical, allowing the root to push off more gel and get more force at the tip," said Jesse Silverberg, a Cornell graduate student in the Department of Physics and lead researcher for the study.

"Suppose the plant is growing along and finds itself stuck at a layer of clay or tough clump of soil. The root needs an extra force to push through these barriers, and the mathematical model tells us how large of a helix the root needs to grow to do just that. Roughly, the stiffer the barrier, the larger the helix," said Silverberg.

The researchers also used the 3-D technology to discover that 74 percent of the plant roots twisted in a counter-clockwise manner. Silverberg says further research may reveal similar behavior in other plant species.

###

Cornell University: http://pressoffice.cornell.edu

Thanks to Cornell University for this article.

This press release was posted to serve as a topic for discussion. Please comment below. We try our best to only post press releases that are associated with peer reviewed scientific literature. Critical discussions of the research are appreciated. If you need help finding a link to the original article, please contact us on twitter or via e-mail.

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Source: http://www.labspaces.net/123810/Video____D_time_lapse_imaging_captures_twisted_root_mechanics_for_first_time

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